Carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from soil measured in demonstration site in Foggia up to 31/10/2022
Graphs show the cumulated fluxes of CO2 from soil, in the various phases of the crop rotation in the Conventional and the Efficient Cropping Systems. Carbon dioxide fluxes are measured by mean of 8 automated chambers, 4 in the Conventional Cropping System (CCS), and 4 in the Efficient Cropping System (ECS). Values in the graphs are the cumulated value of the daily average of the measurements made in the CCS and ECS systems, respectively.
Data are under validation, so they are not to be considered as final.
CCS – Conventional Cropping System
Bare soil
Start: 28/11/2019End: 30/04/2020
Duration: 154 days
Cumulated flux: 213.8 ± 31.9 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 1.4 g CO2 m-2
Sunflower
Sowing: 30/04/2020Harvest: 17/09/2020
Duration: 140 days
Cumulated flux: 628.0 ± 93.2 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 4.4 g CO2 m-2
Yield: 0.4 t ha-1 s.s.
Total biomass: 0.6 t ha-1 s.s.
Fertilisation: 56 kg ha-1 N
Irrigation: 30 mm
Crop residues: chopped
Bare soil
Start: 18/09/2020End: 30/11/2020
Duration: 73 days
Cumulated flux: 104.2 ± 12.5 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 1.7 g CO2 m-2
Durum wheat
Sowing: 01/12/2020Harvest: 24/06/2021
Duration: 205 days
Cumulated flux : 446.7 ± 50.5 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 2.4 g CO2 m-2
Yield: 2.9 t ha-1 s.s.
Total biomass: 10.57t ha-1 s.s.
Fertilisation: 222 kg ha-1 N + 30 kg ha-1 P2O5
Treatements: 2 fungicide
Crop residues: removed
Bare soil
Start: 25/06/2021End: 21/12/2021
Duration: 179 days
Cumulated flux: 390.9 ± 13.5 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 2.27 g CO2 m-2
Barley
Start: 22/12/2021End: 30/06/2022
Duration: 190 days
Cumulated flux: 447.4 ± 30.7 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 3.0 g CO2 m-2
Yield: 5.84 t ha-1 d.m.
Total biomass: 12.74 t ha-1 d.m.
Fertilisation: 109 kg ha-1 N + 40 kg ha-1 P2O5
Treatments: 1 fungicide
Crop residues: removed
Bare soil
Start: 01/07/2022End: 31/10/2022
Duration: 122 days
Cumulated flux: 289.0 ± 31.4 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 6.02 g CO2 m-2
ECS – Efficient Cropping System
Bare soil
Start: 28/11/2019End: 17/02/2020
Duration: 81 days
Cumulated flux: 128.0 ± 21.5 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 1.6 g CO2 m-2
Lentil
Sowing: 18/02/2020Harvest: 29/06/2020
Duration: 132 days
Cumulated flux: 195.4 ± 24.3 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 1.5 g CO2 m-2
Yield: 0.2 t ha-1 s.s.
Total biomass: 0.5 t ha-1 s.s.
Irrigation: 30 mm
Treatements: 2 herbicides
Crop residues: on superface
Crop residues
Start: 30/06/2020End: 21/09/2020
Duration: 83 days
Cumulated flux: 303.5 ± 65.6 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 3.6 g CO2 m-2
Bare soil
Start: 22/09/2020End: 30/11/2020
Duration: 69 days
Cumulated flux: 112.0 ± 5.9 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 1.9 g CO2 m-2
Durum wheat
Sowing: 01/12/2020Harvest: 24/06/2021
Duration: 205 days
Cumulated flux: 792.9 ± 108.2 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 4.3 g CO2 m-2
Yield: 4.3 t ha-1 s.s.
Total biomass: 9.8 t ha-1 s.s.
Fertilisation: 98 kg ha-1 N + 35 kg ha-1 P2O5
Treatements: 1 fungicide
Crop residues: removed
Bare soil
Start: 25/06/2021End: 03/10/2021
Duration: 100 days
Cumulated flux: 140.17 ± 27.79 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 1.6 g CO2 m-2
Mustard
Start: 04/10/2021End: 16/01/2022
Duration: 104 days
Cumulated flux: 536.8 ± 84.9 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 0.14 g CO2 m-2
Total biomass: 3.77 t ha-1 d.m.
Crop was incorporated in soil
Bare soil
Start: 17/01/2022End: 20/04/2022
Duration: 93 days
Cumulated flux: 330.8 ± 19.3 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 3.7 g CO2 m-2
Sunflower
Start: 21/04/2022End: 22/09/2022
Duration: 154 days
Cumulated flux: 386.9 ± 69.3 g CO2 m-2
Average daily flux: 4.8 g CO2 m-2
Yield: 1.7 t ha-1 d.m.
Total biomass: 42.4 t ha-1 d.m.
Fertilisation: 33.5 kg ha-1 N
Treatments: 2 herbicide
Residues: buried
